
Project Background
Antecedentes del Proyecto
There are significant numbers of children in Central America experiencing family separation when they move, making them vulnerable to trafficking, sexual abuse, exploitation and violence. Growing political hostility in Mexico and the United States has led to migrant children being denied their rights.
In recent years, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador have experienced a range of factors fueling family separation: regional and civil war, military juntas, poverty, lack of education and job opportunities and gang violence. Vulnerable children from the region see no alternative but to start a new life in Mexico and the US. Poor job opportunities only fuel greater migration as young people move abroad to find work and then send money back to their families. The lack of migration policy and controls in Guatemala make it very easy for children to use the country as a transit point into Mexico.
Those on the move, or undocumented in Mexico and the United States, are marginalized and socially isolated. They often face a harsh immigration regime, which denies them their rights, silences their voices and prevents access to social and health services. In many cases, the immigration regime forces undocumented young people into low paid work and criminal activities. Governments know that they need to stop unsafe migration, but it provides macro-economic stability to their countries, and as a result is not tackled.
Family for Every Child, a member-led alliance of local and national civil society organizations supporting children around the world, has developed a two-phase project through their Children on the Move Working Group. It starts with participatory research with children on the move within Central and North America, and concludes with child-led advocacy for policy and practice change that can inform children’s migration decisions. By giving youth migrants spaces to talk about their experiences and to assist in driving solutions, they can help to enable safer migration, improve policy and services and help to hold duty-bearers to account.
En América Central, numerosos niños son separados de sus familiares cuando se mudan y por eso quedan expuestos a la trata de personas, al abuso sexual, a la explotación y a la violencia. La creciente hostilidad política en México y Estados Unidos ha implicado que a los niños emigrantes se les nieguen sus derechos.
En los últimos años, Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador han experimentado una serie de circunstancias que agravan la separación familiar: guerra regional y civil, juntas militares, pobreza, falta de educación y oportunidades de empleo y violencia de las pandillas. Los niños vulnerables de la región no ven otra alternativa más que iniciar una nueva vida en México y Estados Unidos. La falta de oportunidades de trabajo incrementa la emigración, dado que los jóvenes deciden buscar trabajo en otro país y enviar remesas de dinero a sus familias. La falta de políticas y controles migratorios en Guatemala hacen que los niños utilicen el país como paso transitorio para llegar a México.
Los emigrantes de paso o los indocumentados en México y los Estados Unidos, son marginados y aislados a nivel social. A menudo deben afrontar un régimen de inmigración estricto que les niega sus derechos, silencia sus voces y les impide acceder a servicios sociales y médicos. En muchos casos, el régimen inmigratorio empuja a los jóvenes indocumentados a tomar trabajos mal pagos y cometer actividades delictivas. Los gobiernos saben que deben detener la inmigración insegura, pero les da estabilidad macroeconómica a sus países y por eso, no hacen nada al respecto.
Family for Every Child, una alianza de organizaciones de sociedades civiles locales y nacionales que trabajan para asistir a los niños en todo el mundo, ha desarrollado un proyecto en dos fases a través de su grupo de trabajo Children on the Move. Comienza con la investigación participativa con niños emigrantes dentro de América Central y América del Norte y concluye con una campaña guiada por niños en pos de lograr cambios en las políticas y prácticas que fundamenten las decisiones migratorias relacionadas con los niños. Al brindarles a los jóvenes migrantes espacios para hablar sobre sus experiencias y ayudarles a impulsar las soluciones, pueden colaborar para lograr una migración más segura, mejorar las políticas y los servicios y ayudar a los responsables a rendir cuentas.
Why Use Participatory Action Research?
Fundamento de la Investigación Participativa?
Participatory action research is different from most kinds of research. In participatory action research, researchers and the community work together to understand a problematic situation and change it for the better. Different levels of community involvement are possible, and can include:
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research design,
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data collection and/or analysis, and/or
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determination of actions to be taken based on results.
Participatory action research has a focus on empowerment of the community where the research is happening, with a goal to improve and understand the world by changing it.[1]
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Why Use Photovoice?
La investigación participativa es distinta de la mayoría de las metodologías de investigación. En este tipo de investigación, los investigadores y la comunidad colaboran para entender una situación problemática y encontrar soluciones. Hay distintos tipos de participación de la comunidad, como por ejemplo:
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Diseño de la investigación
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Recopilación y/o análisis de los datos
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Determinación de las medidas que se tomarán en función de los resultados
La investigación participativa tiene el objetivo de darle a la comunidad la oportunidad de incidir en la investigación, de modo que puedan cambiar el mundo para comprenderlo y mejorarlo.[1]
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Fundamento de Photovoice?
Photovoice is an innovative type of participatory action research, which uses photography for data collection and photos to help tell the stories of individuals and their communities.[2] Photovoice was developed by public health researchers Caroline Wang and Mary Ann Burris in the 1990s.[3] It has since been successfully implemented with many populations, including youth.[4],[5] Photovoice research has also been conducted in a wide range of settings, all over the world, including extensively in Latin America.[6],[7],[8]
Photovoice strives to engage individuals who may not otherwise have had the opportunity to participate in discussions that affect the course of their own lives.[9] With Photovoice, researchers work with participants to:
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record and reflect their community’s strengths and concerns,
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promote important dialogue about personal and community issues in group discussion of their photos, and
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reach stakeholders, decision makers and policymakers.
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Photovoice Project Overview for Children on the Move
Photovoice es un tipo innovador de investigación participativa que aprovecha la fotografía para recabar datos y las fotos para ayudar a contar las historias de las personas y sus comunidades.[2] Photovoice fue desarrollado por las investigadoras en salud pública Caroline Wang y Mary Ann Burris en los 1990.[3] Desde entonces, se ha implementado con éxito en diversas poblaciones, entre ellas, los jóvenes.[4],[5] Photovoice ha sido usado en diversos contextos de investigación, en todo el mundo y ampliamente en América Latina.[6],[7],[8]
El objetivo de Photovoice es esforzarse por lograr la participación de aquellas personas que de otro modo podrían no haber tenido la oportunidad de participar en debates que les cambien la vida.[9] Con Photovoice, los investigadores colaboran con los participantes para:
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Registrar y reflejar las fortalezas y preocupaciones de sus comunidades.
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Promover el diálogo sobre temas personales y comunitarios a través de la discusión grupal sobre las fotografías producidas.
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Incidir en los actores responsables de la elaboración de políticas públicas.
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Introducción al Proyecto Photovoice para Children on the Move
The Children on the Move Working Group’s Photovoice Project will be conducted by Family for Every Child member organizations in Guatemala, Mexico and the United States. Each organization will recruit children to participate in the 6-session Photovoice project. Organization staff will serve as facilitators of the Photovoice group sessions, and Photovoice experts will provide outside technical assistance as needed.
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Photovoice Project Status
El Proyecto Photovoice del Grupo de trabajo de Children on the Move será dirigido por las organizaciones miembros de Family for Every Child en Guatemala, México y Estados Unidos. Cada organización reclutará niños para participar en el proyecto Photovoice, que abarca 6 sesiones. El personal de la organización coordinará las sesiones grupales de Photovoice, y los expertos en Photovoice brindarán la asistencia técnica externa necesaria.
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Estado del Proyecto Photovoice
Photovoice participatory research has been completed in the United States with youth in San Francisco, California who completed their journeys from Central America and Mexico in partnership with Legal Services for Children. This website is dedicated to that research. The Guatemala and Mexico groups are still pending due to a delay caused by the COVID-19 global pandemic.
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La investigación participativa de Photovoice se ha completado en los Estados Unidos con jóvenes en San Francisco, California, que completaron sus viajes desde América Central y México en asociación con Legal Services for Children. Este sitio web está dedicado a esa investigación. Los grupos de Guatemala y México siguen pendientes debido a un retraso causado por la pandemia mundial de COVID-19.
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[1] Baum, F, MacDougall, C and Smith, D (2006). Participatory action research. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60 (10): 854-857.
[2] Wang, C. (1999) Photovoice: A Participatory Action Research Strategy Applied to Women’s Health. Journal of Women’s Health, 8 (2).
[3] Wang, C., and Burris, M. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education & Behaviour, 24 (3): 369.
[4] Wilson, N., Minkler, M., Dasho, S., Wallerstein, N., & Martin, A. (2008). Getting to social action: The Youth. Empowerment Strategies (YES!) project. Health Promotion Practice, 9, 395–403.
[5] Catalani, C., & Minkler, M. (2010). Photovoice: a review of the literature in health and public health. Health Education & Behavior, 37 (3), 424-451.
[6] Porta, Carolyn & Aguilera-Guzmán, Rosa & Lindgren, Sandi & Gutierrez, Rodolfo & Raniolo, Blanca & Genis, Therese & Vazquez-Benitez, Gabriela & Clausen, Lisa. (2012). Intergenerational Photovoice Projects: Optimizing This Mechanism for Influencing Health Promotion Policies and Strengthening Relationships. Health Promotion Practice. 14. (10):1177.
[7] Mejia, Angie Pamela, Quiroz, Olivia, Morales, Yolanda, Pone, Ruth, Limon Chavez, Graciela, & Olivera y Torre, Elizabeth. (2013). From Madres to Mujeristas: Latinas Making Change with Photovoice. Action Research, 11(4): 301-321.
[8] Berbés-Blázquez, Marta. (2012). A Participatory Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing in Rural Costa Rica Using Photo-Voice. Environmental Management, 49, 862-875.
[9] Strack et al. (2004) Engaging youth through photovoice. Health Promotion & Practice, 5 (1): 49-58.
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[1] Baum, F, MacDougall, C and Smith, D (2006). Participatory action research. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60 (10): 854-857.
[2] Wang, C. (1999) Photovoice: A Participatory Action Research Strategy Applied to Women’s Health. Journal of Women’s Health, 8 (2).
[3] Wang, C., and Burris, M. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education & Behaviour, 24 (3): 369.
[4] Wilson, N., Minkler, M., Dasho, S., Wallerstein, N., & Martin, A. (2008). Getting to social action: The Youth. Empowerment Strategies (YES!) project. Health Promotion Practice, 9, 395–403.
[5] Catalani, C., & Minkler, M. (2010). Photovoice: a review of the literature in health and public health. Health Education & Behavior, 37 (3), 424-451.
[6] Porta, Carolyn & Aguilera-Guzmán, Rosa & Lindgren, Sandi & Gutierrez, Rodolfo & Raniolo, Blanca & Genis, Therese & Vazquez-Benitez, Gabriela & Clausen, Lisa. (2012). Intergenerational Photovoice Projects: Optimizing This Mechanism for Influencing Health Promotion Policies and Strengthening Relationships. Health Promotion Practice. 14. (10):1177.
[7] Mejia, Angie Pamela, Quiroz, Olivia, Morales, Yolanda, Pone, Ruth, Limon Chavez, Graciela, & Olivera y Torre, Elizabeth. (2013). From Madres to Mujeristas: Latinas Making Change with Photovoice. Action Research, 11(4): 301-321.
[8] Berbés-Blázquez, Marta. (2012). A Participatory Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing in Rural Costa Rica Using Photo-Voice. Environmental Management, 49, 862-875.
[9] Strack et al. (2004) Engaging youth through photovoice. Health Promotion & Practice, 5 (1): 49-58.
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